Testicular cancer often presents with the following signs and symptoms:
A painless lump or swelling on one or both testicles.
Pain or discomfort in the testicle or scrotum.
A feeling of heaviness or aching in the lower abdomen or groin area.
A sudden accumulation of fluid in the scrotum.
A change in the size or shape of the testicle.
A feeling of hardness or firmness in the testicle.
A dull ache in the lower back, groin or abdomen.
Breast growth or tenderness, which is caused by the production of hormones by some types of testicular cancer.
It’s important to note that not all lumps or swelling in the testicles are cancerous. However, any changes in the testicles or symptoms that persist should be evaluated by a doctor, as early detection and treatment can greatly increase the chances of successful treatment.
If you have any signs or symptoms of testicular cancer, your doctor will likely perform a physical examination to check for any lumps or abnormalities in the testicles. They may also recommend some diagnostic tests to confirm or rule out the diagnosis of testicular cancer. Here are some tests commonly used to diagnose testicular cancer:
Ultrasound: An ultrasound uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of the internal structures of the testicles. It can help detect any abnormalities or lumps in the testicles.
Blood tests: Blood tests can be used to
check for the presence of certain tumor markers, such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). These markers are produced by some types of testicular cancer and can be used to help diagnose the disease.
Biopsy: In some cases, a biopsy may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis of testicular cancer. During a biopsy, a small sample of tissue is removed from the testicle and examined under a microscope.
It’s important to note that not all lumps or abnormalities in the testicles are cancerous, and that these diagnostic tests can also help identify other conditions that may be causing the symptoms. If you have any concerns about your testicular health, talk to your doctor to determine the best course of action.